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Standard C1. Draws on the history, structure, purpose, and critical issues of adult basic education in planning instruction.
Author Title Publishing Information Abstract
Comings, J.
Sum, A.
Uvin, J.
New Skills for a New Economy: Adult Education's Key Role in Sustaining Economic Growth and Expanding Opportunity Boston, MassInstitute for a New Commonwealth (MassINC), 2000 This study reveals that as many as a million adults in Massachusetts who have already earned HS diplomas still lack the skills needed to contend with the complexities of modern living. The researchers offer rationales for increased funding for adult basic education, including its long-term cost effectiveness, and present several recommendations for program design and the system as a whole.
Demetrion, G. "A Critical Pedagogy of the Mainstream" Adult Basic Education, Summer 1998 Links adult literacy learning within mainstream programs to a personal philosophy of self-actualization, a scaffolding pedagogy, and the quest for inclusion into the main fabric of American economic, cultural and social life. These, in turn, are interpreted as important components undergirding John Jewey's concept of growth in its application to adult literacy, the philosophicd premise which frames this essay. The author warns that several thinkers in the field are promoting philosophical ideals that might do harm rather than good because they create unrealistic expectations in learners.
Fingeret, Hanna Arlene Adult Literacy Education: Current and Future Directions www.ericacve.org
ERIC 354391
What is literacy? The definition has evolved from simple reading and writing to literacy in social settings, to critical reflection and action. Who has power in literacy education? Learner participation ranges from teachers depositing information to instruction in which students participate in developing materials, to participatory literacy efforts in which students share power and responsibility for curriculum development, instruction, and program management. What is the purpose of literacy education? Literacy can be used for individual social mobility or for community development and social change. Individually-oriented and community-oriented approaches vary depending on which view of literacy underlies them. A number of issues should be considered as adult literacy education is growing and evolving, moving from a narrow view of literacy as discrete skills to a richer understanding of the relationship between literacy, culture, and people.
Journal, One Issue Issue Topic: Accountability and Learner Assessment

Field Notes
v10, n3

Online:
www.sabes.org/fn103.htm

This issue contains a dozen articles ranging from statewide issues of creating an accountability system in Massachusetts to assessment with learning disabled learners. It also includes information about Equipped for the Future's take on assessment as well as resources on standardized tests which are used in ABE.
Kim, K. Collins, M. & McArthur, E. Participation of Adults in English as a Second Language Classes USDepartment of Education, Office of Ed Research & Improvement, Natl Center for Ed Statistics, 1997 The purposes of this report are to present rates of participation in adult ESL classes in 1994-1995, examine how these participation rates are associated with the characteristics of adults, describe some features of ESL participation, and describe the main barriers to adults' participation in ESL.
Rice, , J.K.
Stavrianos, M.
Adult English as a Second Language Programs: An Overview of Policies, Participants, and Practices Washington, DC: Mathematical Policy Research, Inc. and Research Triangle Institute, 1995. NO ANNOTATION
Seufert, P. Refugees as English Language Learners: Issues and Concerns Online:
http://ericir.syr.edu/Eeric/
adv_search.shtml

ERIC Number 438741
Culture orientation training is received by the approximately 78,000 to 90,000 refugees settled in the United States each year. In this text, commonly asked questions concerning refugees' ethnic origins and English language abilities are explored as well as program considerations for serving this population. Topics of discussion are: who are the refugees and where are they from; a comparison of overseas training to past training and the implications for U.S. service providers; factors considered in setting up instructional programs for refugees; recommended curricular approaches; how employment skills can be integrated with ESL training; and how ESL programs with limited funds offer support services, curriculum innovations, and technology access to refugees.
Sticht, T.
Amstrong, W.
Adult Literacy in the US: A Compendicum of Quantitative Date and Interpretive Comments San Diego: San Diego Community College District, 1994 Funded by the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL)
Sticht, T.
McDonald, B.
Erickson, P.
Passports to Paradise: The Struggle to Teaching and to Learn on the Margins of Adult Education El Cajon, CA: Applied Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Inc., 1998 Tthe factors that help make adult literacy programs work, and in some cases not work. It looks closely at the adult literacy system in an inner city community in San Diego. Report divided into three parts: Part 1, The Struggle to Learn, focuses on barriers to participation in adult literacy education, how situational factors play a role in persistence and program retention, and how various instructional actors such as class size, erratic attendance, and turbulence (people being added and subtracted from the class) affect learning. Part 2, The Struggle to Teach, focuses on the voices of teachers and their reflections on the struggle to teach in a marginalized education system, how the dynamics of students' lives and classroom turbulence affects their work, and the challenges to teaching posed by great diversity due to cultural factors and different levels of language and literacy skills. Part 3, The Struggle to Be Better, focuses on activities to try to make the adult literacy education system more effective.
Van Duzer, C.H.
Berdan, R.
Perspectives on Assessment in Adult ESOL Instruction Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, Volume 1.
Jossey-Bass, 2000
A very thorough overview of the main standardized tests being used in programs, the challenges of assessing learners under WIA requirements, and not by any means limited to ESOL. The authors argue that imposing assessment testing on the field cannot have constructive results without substantive changes first occurring in the field. Even includes ordering information for most of the standardized tests commonly used in programs.
Website NCSALL (The National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy) http://ncsall.gse.harvard.edu NCSALL is a joint project between Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, World Education, Rutgers University Graduate School of Education, Portland State University, and the Center for Literacy Studies at the University of Tennessee. It’s mission is to improve the quality of practice in adult basic education, adult ESOL, and adult secondary education programs through the use of research. NCSALL conducts research on topics such as persistence and retention in adult education programs, the impact of gaining a GED, the use of multiple intelligences theory in adult education, and adult reading components which seeks to group learners using components of reading ability and give input to creating a better assessment tool for low level readers who are adults. NCSALL has a special emphasis on connecting research and practice via many routes which include the publications “Focus On Basics” and the Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy as well as the PDRN (Practitioner Dissemination and Research Network).
Website The Center for Literacy Studies http://cls.coe.utk.edu/ The Center for Literacy Studies strengthens adult literacy education in order to equip adults with the knowledge and skills they need to be lifelong learners and effective members of their families, communities and workplaces. The Center links theory and practice through research, professional development, partnerships, and building and sharing the knowledge of the field. The website contains links to professional development information as well as special online collections on topics such as health and literacy, science and numeracy, literacy and learning disabilities, and workforce education.
Website The Center for Literacy Studies http://cls.coe.utk.edu/ The Center for Literacy Studies strengthens adult literacy education in order to equip adults with the knowledge and skills they need to be lifelong learners and effective members of their families, communities and workplaces. The Center links theory and practice through research, professional development, partnerships, and building and sharing the knowledge of the field. The website contains links to professional development information as well as special online collections on topics such as health and literacy, science and numeracy, literacy and learning disabilities, and workforce education.
Website VALUE (Voice for Adult Literacy United for Education) http://literacynet.org/value/
index.html
This is the website for the national group called VALUE, a non-profit organization whose members consist of adult learners, adult learner organizations, other individuals who support learner leadership, non-profit adult education organizations, other kinds of non-profits, and corporations. VALUE’s mission is to help adult learners become effective leaders in their education programs. From that experience, learners can then apply their leadership skills in their communities, workplaces, and families. They encourage adult learners to have a voice and participate in their programs and communities through: recruitment of new learners into adult education programs, retention of learners in programs by providing support so learners don’t drop out. The website provides information not only about the organization but also a newsletter, sections on learners as writers and as advocates, as well as resources for learners and practitioners interested in developing learner leadership skills.
Wrigley, Heide Spruck, Guth, Gloria Bringing literacy to life: issues and options in adult ESL literacy

Aguirre International for the U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education, San Mateo, CA, 1992

email: csoong@aiweb.com

This is a highly regarded handbook for practitioners which links theory and practice in adult literacy with a special focus on ESL Literacy. It contains chapters on teaching approaches, curriculum, assessment, staff development and technology, along with several curriculum units developed by teachers in the field. The handbook uses promising practices culled from innovative programs to illustrate engaged learning and adventurous teaching
ZIP Got a great resource to suggest? Does one of our resources cover additional standards? All additions, suggestions, and queries are welcome! Please contact Carey Reid at creid@worlded.org

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